Sunday, November 14, 2010

Headcheese

I remember Gramp butchering a pig once and there were a lot of people around. This was in the wintertime and there was a big steel barrel full of water that had a huge bonfire under it to heat the water. They killed the pig and then heaved it in the barrel and pulled it out again and all the guys started scraping it with knives. I later learned they were shaving the bristles off it and that the hot water made the job easier. I remember Granny then made headcheese.

-Marvin Streich, in The Streich Family



Half a pig's headThe above quote is from a family history that my mom wrote. Marvin, her eldest cousin, penned several pages of his earliest memories for inclusion in the book. Since he was born in 1934, and his Granny died in 1942, the abovementioned slaughter must have taken place around 1940.

I nearly fell off my chair when I first read Marvin's memories. I grew up visiting that same farm, where at one time pigs were killed and boiled and shaved and made into headcheese, but by the time I was born these traditions were defunct, and the recipe and appreciation for Granny's headcheese had been lost. Marvin's childhood memory of the pig was like a passing reference to a kingdom now sunk beneath the sea. These days, reading about headcheese in Larousse or Henderson is a strange, semi-academic exercise, but only sixty years ago my great grandparents were making it from their own pigs.

I recently helped Kevin with some butchering. I left his house with a belly full of pork chops and a cooler full of the two halves of a pig's head. I've collected a few recipes for head over the past year, but I figured my first experiment should be headcheese, in memory of Great Grandma Streich.

Headcheese is a simple but ingenious preparation. The head is cooked in simmering water, so the low, moist heat can break the tough connective tissue into gelatin. After cooking you are left with very tender meat and very rich broth. If you reduce that broth, the gelatin is so concentrated that it sets when chilled (at which point it could be called an aspic). The meat and reduced broth are mixed together, packed into a mold, and chilled to set. The headcheese can then be sliced and eaten.

Recipes tend to be dead simple, usually just a pig's head and aromatics. Often trotters are added to boost the flavour and gelatin content of the broth. A bit of acid helps break down the connective tissue and improves the final taste. Since abattoirs split pigs in half along the spine, my recipe is for a half head.


Headcheese
  • half a pig's head
  • one trotter
  • one carrot
  • one stalk celery
  • one leek
  • one head garlic
  • parsley stems, thyme, bay, peppercorns
  • splash of vinegar

Pig heads are awkward, with bulky jowls flanking a long snout. They're a bitch to store, which is why Kevin throws them into the oven while he butchers, a simple solution that I think is becoming a beloved tradition. Even working with half a head, my stock pot was nowhere near big enough. I had to break the head into pieces so that it would fit in my two biggest pots. I boned the head so that I could work with the relatively slender skull and a large slab of meat, which could be cut into manageable pieces.

The boned pig's head
Combine all the ingredients in a pot (or pots...) and cover with cold water. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a simmer, skim, skim, skimming the whole time. Lots of grey foam will form on the surface of the water. After roughly three hours, test the tenderness of the meat. A sharp knife should easily pierce the jowls.

Strain the mixture, reserving the liquid. Discard the vegetables and herbs. Return the broth to the stove and reduce by about half. To test your aspic, put a few tablespoons of the broth into a small bowl or cup and refrigerate. It should set firm and break clean when a finger is dragged through.

While the broth is reducing, pull all the edible bits from the head, which, by the way, doesn't separate conveniently into bones and meat. There are all kinds of other substances, like the snout, which I think is cartilage, but takes on a fantastic, yielding, buttery texture after boiling. Make sure to include stuff like that. When I refer to "meat," below, I am referring to all edible bits collected from the head.

The edible bits of the head separated from the inedibles

Seasoning is a bit tricky, because the pulled meat and reduced broth have to be salted separately, and because the finished headcheese is served chilled or at room temperature. Season agressively, as the lower eating temperature will mute the salt.

Pack the meat into a terrine or loaf pan lined with plastic wrap. Pour the aspic over the meat. Gently push the meat down to release any air pockets. You can see that this produces a headcheese with a higher meat-factor and lower gelatin-factor than the commercially-produced kind languishing in your supermarket's deli. Let the terrine set in the fridge overnight.

The pulled meat packed into a loaf pan lined with plastic wrap

Slice. I prefer to bring mine to room temperature before eating. I finished with black pepper and dried savoury, as I know those flavours were common in Granny's farmhouse. It also benefits from an acidic sauce of, say, chokecherries or highbush cranberries.

You'll notice that my headcheese is a bit grey. If the head were first brined, the final product would have the more familiar pink colour. I wonder if Granny used saltpeter...

6 comments:

  1. Cool - glad you gave it a go. My guess is it tastes like...pork, and that the only 'challenge' would be textural - and if the ratio of aspic is low, I think I'd be pretty into it. Kinda like pork meatloaf with some interest?

    Agreed that an appropriate does of pink salt would pretty it up, but would also give it the characteristic flavor and would end up tasting more like ham than pork roast, no? Not that that'd be a bad thing..

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  2. I would definitely like to try it with the curing salt. At first I figured that my great grandparents wouldn't have used it, as I've never heard any mention of other charcuterie preparations, not even ham. I just came across a book from the same time and place (Northern Ontario) that mentions the local reliance on saltpeter and brown sugar to cure meat. The book is called Of Turnips and Teas and Threshing Bees and is actually a really good account of the depression years in that region.

    Maybe by bumping up the aromatic content of the broth you could develop a flavour that is less like ham and more like pork roast?

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  3. A note on the accompaniments. The sauce in the photo above is just highbush cranberries, honey, and a bit of salt. It worked very well with the pork.

    The pork-mustard connection has been beaten into me by my Euro-centric food studies, but I know my great grandparents didn't grow or prepare mustard. They made relishes, like green tomato sauce and piccalilli.

    I also know there were some interesting fruits growing on the abovementioned farm, things like white currants and citrons. Someday I would love to try pork with these preserves.

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  4. Citrons? In this area? Wild! A great read, Allan. I recall the head cheese my grandmother made being a bit grey and then pink inside. She used whole peppers and sometimes a little clove in it. And bay leaf. I loved it until I learned what it was. My dad and grandfather loved it, so I was right in there until my lovely aunt ridiculed my desires and described how disgusting I was to me.We did eat it with mustard and mayonnaise. I am sure that was around at the time. Everyone used to make it. As far as relish goes, our farm heritage hails from the central Alberta area and there was always homemade pickles, but never relish. I recall big slabs of bread and butter and mayonnaise and mustard with the head cheese. Ours was made with about 1/4 jelly to 3/4 meat or 1/3 to 2/3 meat. Sometimes it was the main course for dinner with garden vegetables and potato salad. That was another salad often served with it.
    So, how did it taste? You always leave that part out!!!!

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  5. PS - And you need a better camera! I would have loved to have seen this in the window with the light behind it.
    I guess the only way to "get ahead" these days is to know Mr. K!
    :)
    :)
    ")

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  6. your head cheese looks lovely.

    but i have to say it's not one of my favorite things.

    trotters on the other hand - GAME ON! :)

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